Seriously. Deductions aren't loopholes.
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Exactly
Not necessarily true. ANYONE can claim charitible donations upto a certain degree, whether they donated or not. No proof required.
Sure, there are deductions, but within those deductions are loopholes in which some may use. If one has a terrific accountant, said accountant will ensure all deductions (including any loopholes they can find) are used (many of which the common person does not know about).
Regardless, when deductions are used in filing, it then changes one's actual income to AGI. The AGI is what bases the percentage of how much one pays in taxes.